After a period of relative calm, Borno State is once again grappling with a surge in violence attributed to Boko Haram insurgents. Recent attacks in Damboa, Dikwa, and Gwoza have disrupted the fragile peace, instilling fear among residents and hindering the return of displaced persons and farmers to their communities.
The resurgence of attacks has primarily impacted civilians in the aforementioned areas. In Damboa, a tragic incident occurred when a roadside bomb, suspected to have been planted by Islamic extremists, exploded under a passenger bus along the Damboa-Maiduguri highway, resulting in the deaths of eight individuals and injuries to over a dozen others . In Dikwa and Gwoza, renewed hostilities have forced many residents to flee their homes once again, seeking refuge in safer regions. 
The attacks signify a troubling escalation in Boko Haram’s activities. The group, which has been responsible for initiating a violent insurgency since 2009, appears to be intensifying its efforts in these regions. The recent bombing in Damboa is indicative of their continued capability to carry out deadly assaults, despite previous military efforts to suppress their operations . 
The violence is concentrated in Borno State, particularly in the towns of Damboa, Dikwa, and Gwoza. These areas have historically been hotspots for Boko Haram activities due to their strategic locations and challenging terrains, which provide cover for insurgent movements.
The recent uptick in attacks has been observed in the early months of 2025, with significant incidents reported in April. The Damboa bombing, for instance, occurred on a Saturday in April, marking a notable escalation in the group’s activities .
Several factors contribute to the renewed violence. Despite military efforts, Boko Haram has managed to retain a presence in remote areas, allowing them to regroup and plan attacks. Additionally, the challenging geography of Borno State, coupled with limited infrastructure and resources, hampers effective surveillance and rapid military response. The group’s persistent ideology and recruitment efforts also play a role in sustaining their insurgency.
The resurgence of Boko Haram activities in Borno State poses significant challenges to Nigeria’s national security. It threatens the stability of the region, undermines efforts to rehabilitate and resettle displaced populations, and strains military resources. Moreover, it raises concerns about the potential spread of violence to neighboring areas, necessitating a comprehensive and coordinated response from security agencies.
As the situation unfolds, it is imperative for the government and security forces to reassess their strategies, enhance intelligence gathering, and engage with local communities to effectively counter the insurgency and restore lasting peace to the region.
